Parallel Modifiers
UNPARALLEL | PARALLEL |
---|---|
A coordinator (and, but, or, nor) joins like elements, such as, noun phrases, verb phrases, adverb phrases, adjective phrases, prepositional phrases; gerunds, infinitives and independent clauses. If the elements are not grammatically the same, then the sentence is "unparallel". | If a word does not have an equivalent word form , then consider a way to reword the sentence so that both words can take the same grammatical structure (e.g., you can change an adjective to an adverb expression with "in a ___ manner".) |
MIXED
*My English is improving slow but surely. (adj.–adv.) |
ADVERBS
My English is improving slowly but surely. |
*We are leaving quickly and quiet. (adv.–adj.) | We are leaving quickly and quietly. |
*We'll can speak specific or generally, whichever you prefer. (adj.–adv.) | We'll can speak specific or generally, whichever you prefer. |
*He works neither efficiently nor effective. (adv.–adj.) |
He works neither efficiently nor effective. |
MIXED
*The football player ran skillfully yet defensive. (adv.–adj.) |
IN A…ADJ and ADJ…MANNER
The football player ran skillfully nor defensively. The football player ran in a skillful and defensive manner. |
* He welcomes us ¹friendly and joyfully. (adj.–adv.) friendly (adj) |
¹He welcomes us in a friendly and joyful manner. (prep phrase: adj–adj) |
MIXED
*She walks and texting at the same time. |
VERBS / INFINITIVES / GERUNDS
She walks and texts at the same time. (present) |
*You I need to write and communicating with others. | You need to write and (to) communicate with others. (infinitive) |
*I really like relaxing and enjoy my quiet time. | I really like relaxing and enjoying my quiet time. (gerund) |
*I spend time listen and laughing at his talk show. |
I spend time listening to and laughing at his talk show. (gerund + prep.) |
MIXED
The gymnast went around the bar and swinging over the top. (prep phrase.–ger. phrase) |
PHRASES
The gymnast went around the bar and over the top. (prep. phrase) |
*In the morning and noon the mail comes. (prep. phrase–noun) | In the morning and at noon the mail comes. (prep. phrase) |
*How to do that and the time I am doing that is a problem. (adv. phrase–noun phrase) | ²How to do that and/or when to do that is a problem. (adv. phrase) |
*I don't care who it is or the product he is selling, just hang up! (adv. phrase–noun phrase) |
I don't care who it is or what he's selling, just hang up! (adv. phrase) |
MIXED
The dog was barking and we running. |
CLAUSES
The dog was barking, and we were running. |
We were walking but not tiring. | We were walking, but we were not feeling tired. |
We put new batteries in the toy yet broken. | We put new batteries in the toy, yet it wasn't working. |
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