Connector Chart
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS | CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS | SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS | LINKING ADVERBS / TRANSITION WORDS |
---|---|---|---|
These join two words, phrases or independent clause. They mostly occur mid-sentence with a comma placed before the conjunction. They may also occur at the beginning of a sentence – note. | These join equivalent sentence elements such as one noun phrase with another noun phrase. These occur as paired words. (Also see Focusing Adverbs.) | These join a dependent clause to an independent clause. They occur at the beginning of sentences with a comma separating the clause mid-sentence or they occur mid-sentence with no comma. | These join two independent clauses or sentences. They can be used at the beginning of a sentence or mid- sentence (with punctuation). They transition the reader from the thought of one sentence to the thought in the next. |
He talked and listened. (same subject) He talked, and I listened (different subjects) She was tired, so we left. | Both his project and hers ended. Neither he nor she knows how to ski. You car uses more gas than this one. This computer is as fast as that one. | Though it rained, we went. We went though it rained. Besides being cold, we were hungry. We were hungry besides being cold. | We wanted to go. However, it rained. We wanted to go; however, it rained. We wanted to go; it rained, however. In addition, it was windy and cold. |
ADDITION and, also, and also | ADDITION both...and, not only ...also, not only ... but also, and...too, and so | ADDITION besides, in addition to | ADDITION / ORDERING in addition, furthermore, moreover, additionally, besides, firstly, secondly, next, finally |
ALTERNATIVE or, nor | ALTERNATIVE either...or, neither...nor , rather than (1) | ALTERNATIVE rather than(2) | ALTERNATIVE instead, as an alternative, otherwise, rather |
CAUSE-EFFECT so, for | CAUSE-EFFECT so...that, such...that | CAUSE-EFFECT (reason) because, since, now that, as, in order, as long as, inasmuch, because of, due to, owing to, so that, in order that, if only because | CAUSE-EFFECT therefore, consequently, as a consequence, as a result, thus, hence, accordingly |
COMPARISON | COMPARISON as…as, more...than, less...than | COMPARISON as (like), as if, as though | COMPARISON In the same way, Similarly, In contrast, Unlike X, Y |
CONDITION or else | CONDITION whether.. or not | CONDITION if, only if, unless, even if, whether, whether or not, provided (that), in case, in the event (that) | CONDITION otherwise, in the event (that), anyway, anyhow |
CONTRAST but, yet, but still, but anyway | CONTRAST neither... nor | CONTRAST (contrary outcome) although, even though, though, while, whereas, despite, in spite of, regardless of | CONTRAST nevertheless, nonetheless, however, on the one hand, on the other hand, in contrast to, in contrast, on the contrary |
EMPHASIS | EMPHASIS | EMPHASIS | EMPHASIS indeed, in fact, of course, certainly |
PLACE | PLACE | PLACE where, wherever | PLACE |
TIME | TIME | TIME after, before, when, while, since, as, until, as soon as, by the time, once | TIME first, second, next, then, finally, previously, now, presently, next, still, meanwhile, subsequently, afterward |
Note: For some writers, a coordinating conjunction (and, but, so, etc.) is only used between two independent clauses (separated by a comma.) That is, a conjunction is not used at the beginning of a sentence. However, grammarians do not support this notion. Conjunctions at the beginning of a sentence (comments by Fowler, Merriam-Webster and other grammarians.)
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